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In the early years of research on street children, the term "street child" included any child that worked on the street.
From research, however, different categories of children on the streets have been distinguished, while still recognizing that children's complex experiences are difficult to define.
Mark W. Lusk, a prominent researcher of street children, developed four categories of children on the street from his research: children who work on the street but return to their families at night, children who work on the street but whose family ties are dwindling, children who live and work with their families on the street, and children who work and live on their own on the street.
The term "street child" has come to refer only to the last group. UNICEF defines a street child as, "...any girl or boy... for whom the street (in the widest sense of the word, including unoccupied dwellings, wasteland, etc.) has become his or her habitual abode and/or source of livelihood; and who is inadequately protected, supervised, or directed by responsible adults".
It is important to distinguish the group of children that live on their own on the streets because their lives vary greatly from those of children who simply work on the streets; they thus have different needs and require targeted attention.
While 18 million children work on the streets of India,it is estimated that only 5–20 percent of them are truly homeless and disconnected from their families.
Because the street children in India have unique vulnerabilities – the amount of time they spend on the street, their livelihood depending on the street, and their lack of protection and care from adults – they are a subgroup of the Indian population that deserve specific attention in order to ensure that their needs are known.
As the most vulnerable group of children in India according to UNICEF, they need to be understood as much as possible.
Characteristics
